C2G
Consumer to government.
Certification Authority
Is a trusted third party business entity that has implemented appropriate security mechanisms and technologies to register public keys to particular identities. Certification authorities are expected to comply with NEAC policies and standards.
Chat room
A virtual room where real time conversation takes place in a text mode. Chat rooms are usually public although private chat rooms are offered on some websites.
Click-and-mortar
A company or business that operates in both the physical and the Internet world. Internet world solutions are usually created with a shopping cart software.
Content Delivery Network (CDN)
This is a network of servers which deliver web pages to users based on their geographical locations, the origins of the web pages, and the content delivery servers. The CDN will copy pages of a web site to a network of servers, caching the contents of the pages, and redirect users' requests from the original site servers to a server in the CDN closest to the users in order to deliver the cached contents.
Content provider
Defined in the Telecommunications Act 1997 (Cth) as an entity using a listed carriage service to supply a ‘content service’ to the public. A content service includes a broadcasting service or online service whether for the provision of information, entertainment or educational material. A person operating a website is likely to be considered a content service provider.
Cookie
A message given to a web browser by a webserver. The message is stored by the browser in a text file called cookie.txt. The message is then sent back to the server each time the browser requests a page from the server.
The main purpose of cookies is to identify users and prepare customised webpages for them. When a person enters a website using cookies, they may be asked to fill out a form providing information such as their name and interests. This information is packaged into a cookie and sent to the web browser which stores it for later use. The browser will send the cookie to the web server the next time the person enters the same website or website creator. The server can use this information to present users with custom webpages. For example, a person might see a welcome page with their name on instead of a generic welcome page.
The name "cookie" derives from UNIX objects called magic cookies. These are tokens that are attached to a user or program and change depending on the areas entered by the user or program. Cookies are also sometimes called persistent cookies because they typically stay in the browser for long periods of time.
Country code top-level domains (ccTLDs)
Each of these domains bears a two-letter country code, for example: .au (Australia), .br (Brazil), .ca (Canada), .kr (Korea), .za (South Africa).
Cracking
Usually involves an unauthorised person with criminal intent accessing and modifying a system or program.
Cryptographic algorithm
An encryption algorithm using a key (ie a binary number typically between 40 to 128 bits in length). The greater the number of bits (cipher strength) the more key combinations and the longer it takes to break the code. The data is encrypted or locked by mathematically combining the bits in the key with the data bits. At the receiving end the key is used to unlock the code and restore the original data.
Cryptography
The conversion of data into a secret code for transmission over a public network. The original text (plaintext) is converted into a coded equivalent (ciphertext) via an encryption algorithm. The ciphertext is decoded (decrypted) at the receiving end and converted back into plaintext.
Cyber
A prefix used to describe new things or activities that are made possible by the wide spread of computers and access to the Internet.
Cyber stalking
The act of frequently giving unwanted attention to a person online with the intention of intimidating them or causing them to fear physical or mental harm. Cyber stalking is usually executed via e-mail.
Cyberspace
The internet may be considered as an imaginary area without limits within which people can communicate with each other, conduct research and shop in e-commerce stores.
Cybersquatting
The act of registering a domain name (without having a legitimate right or interest in it) with the intention of selling it to its rightful owner.
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